INDIA–CHINA STAND OFF 2020 :-China’s False Claim of The Galwan Valley:

PART- 1

INDIA–CHINA STAND OFF 2020 :-China’s False Claim of The Galwan Valley:

UNDERSTAND STEP BY STEP "CHINESE CRAFTY"

map source: yowangdu.com ::::: map by tibetantrekking.com
HISTORY :- Ghulam Rasool Galwan a kashmiri lineage and Ladakhi explorer, one who first explored the river and valley, named after it as GALWAN VALLEY AND GALWAN RIVER OR MORE PROUNANCED GALWAN NAALA. He was part of British expedition team in 1899.

TIBETAN SOVEREIGNTY :- The Tibet government in exile asserted that Tibet was an independent state until the PRC invaded Tibet in 1949- 1950. Many scholars views that Tibet was independent till 1950.

The British conquered Tibet in 1904 and signed a separate treaty with Tibet Governmentin Lhasa, historically evident that not with china.Tibetangovernment issued passports to the everest expedition in 1921. Due to brutality, 14^th DALAI LAMA fled Tibet and establish Government in Exile in Dharamshala in north india in 1959. This group claims sovereignty over various ethnically or historically Tibetan area, now illegally governed by china. TIBET AUTONOMOUS REGION (TAR) directly governed by Dalai Lama’s government until 1951.

The two main region AMDO(QINGHAI) and Eastern KHAM(SICHUAN) Claimed by tibetan government is also a major part of TAR. Tibet shares very long history and culture and had trade relation with ancient India, which is completely different from Chinese(PRC) history and culture. Hence Tibet is illegitimate occupation by PRC. Hence, Technically, India shares boundary with TAR not with china

INDO – CHINA WAR OF 1962 :- The main dispute was related to claim of ASKAI CHIN and ARUNACHAL PRADESH border region. China claimed that Askai chin is part of xinjian where as India claimed that it is a part of Kashmir. Jammu and Kashmir princely state was under Maharaja Hari singh during British rule. It includes KASHMIR VALLEY, JAMMU, LADAKH, GILGIT- BALTISTAN. The instrument of accession was signed on 26^th of October 1947 between Government of India and Maharaja Hari Singh and agreed to accede to the dominion of india . Hence, another china false claim seen on ASKAI CHIN , and in Indo- China war of 1962 , china illegally occupied Askai chin region and started illegal claim over Arunachal Pradesh.

NATHU LA SKIRMISH ON 1967 :- On 11 september 1967, Engineers and Indian Faujis (Jawans) started fencing from Nathu La to Sebu La along the Indian border. A Chinese officer asked Indian Colonel to stop laying the wire . Indian soldiers refused to stop because they were fencing in Indian territory, argument started and soon turned in scuffle. Chinese PLA moved into their bunkers and open fired machine gun over unarmed Indian Engineers and Soldiers , due to lack of cover and sudden fire Indian soldiers suffers heavy casuality. At same moment Chinese opened artillery against Indian soldiers .

After that, Indian troops bravely opened artillery from their side. Battle lasted day and night with next three days , with mortar, artillery, and machine gun. “Five day after ceasefire was arranged”. In a report 80 indian soldiers were became SHAHEED and more than 400 soldiers of Chinese PLA were killed. Indian jawans were able to destroyed many Chinese bunkers and brought china to knee, and after that many stand off take place but not or mere reported casuality or injuries.

Recently in2017 Doklam Stand- off , it said that

the border was delimited in 1890 and reaffirmed several times later.

The Border Peace and Tranquility Agreement of 1993 formalized the two sides’ commitment to maintaining status quo on the border until they arrived at a negotiated settlement.

INDIA – CHINA AGREEMENT ON 1996 :- These are following

Article I

The differences on the boundary question should not be allowed to affect the overall development of bilateral relations. The two sides will resolve the boundary question through peaceful and friendly consultations. Neither side shall use or threaten to use force against the other by any means. The final solution of the boundary question will significantly promote good neighbourly and friendly relations between India and China.

Article II

The two sides should, in accordance with the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, seek a fair, reasonable and mutually acceptable solution to the boundary question through consultations on an equal footing, proceeding from the political perspective of overall bilateral relations.

Article III

Both sides should, in the spirit of mutual respect and mutual understanding, make meaningful and mutually acceptable adjustments to their respective positions on the boundary question, so as to arrive at a package settlement to the boundary question. The boundary settlement must be final, covering all sectors of the India-China boundary.

Article IV

The two sides will give due consideration to each other's strategic and reasonable interests, and the principle of mutual and equal security.

Article V

The two sides will take into account, inter alia, historical evidence, national sentiments, practical difficulties and reasonable concerns and sensitivities of both sides, and the actual state of border areas.

Article VI

The boundary should be along well-defined and easily identifiable natural geographical features to be mutually agreed upon between the two sides.

Article VII

In reaching a boundary settlement, the two sides shall safeguard due interests of their settled populations in the border areas.

Article VIII

Within the agreed framework of the final boundary settlement, the delineation of the boundary will be carried out utilising means such as modern cartographic and surveying practices and joint surveys.

Article IX

Pending an ultimate settlement of the boundary question, the two sides should strictly respect and observe the line of actual control and work together to maintain peace and tranquillity in the border areas. The India-China Joint Working Group and the India-China Diplomatic and Military Expert Group shall continue their work under the Agreements of 7 September 1993 and 29 November 1996, including the clarification of the line of actual control and the implementation of confidence building measures.

Article X

The Special Representatives on the boundary question shall continue their consultations in an earnest manner with the objective of arriving at an agreed framework for a boundary settlement, which will provide the basis for the delineation and demarcation of the India-China boundary to be subsequently undertaken by civil and military officials and surveyors of the two sides.

Article XI

This Agreement shall come into force as of the date of signature and is subject to amendment and addition by mutual agreement in writing between the two sides.

Consequence of agreement of (1954, 1993, 1996, 2005...........)

In the shadow of these agreement china pronounced its expansionist policy . Doklam stand off and Galwan valley stand off are two fresh example and many more with other countries , a major consequence of china’s aggression after 1962, 1967,1975 with india. During signing Panchsheel Agreement , Pt. Nehru visited to Beijing in October 1954 met with Mao. During this period a famous slogan given “HINDI CHINI BHAI BHAI” to show solidarity and peaceful co- existence with china. But Analysing the crafty nature of china since independence of india , it is more rightful to give the slogan “HINDI CHINI BYE-BYE”. And india should define border as “INDO- TIBET BORDER, NOT INDO- CHINA BORDER ,BECAUSE TIBET IS ILLEGALLY OCCUPIED BY CHINA” In the border negotiations, our strategy should be not merely to defend what we possess, but also lay claims to places like Kailash-Mansarovar that have been linked by faith to India over several millennia………………………………………………………….