STATUS OF HONG-KONG:- FROM BRITISH ERA TO RECENT PROTEST AGAINST CHINA

KNOW ALL ABOUT HONG-KONG PROTEST--------------------------------

pic source: agoda.com :::::

HISTORY:- HONG - KONG island occupied by humans during the NEOLITHIC period, However recent excavation at the WONG TEI TUNG archaeological site showed date between 35,000 to 39,000 year ago.

QIN DYNASTY included the Hong Kong area in china around 214 BCE, after annihilation of the indigenous BAIYUE. After the collapse of Qin Dynasty, region secured by Nanyue Kingdom and after that recaptured and consolidated by HANS.

BRITISH CONQUEST:- First opium war was triggered from 1839 to 1842. Britain occupied the Hong Kong island on 25 January 1841 and use it as military base. China was defeated by British and Hong Kong island ceded to British in the TREATY OF NAKING signed on 29 August 1842 and hence after Hong Kong become the colony of British empire.

LEASE OF KOWLOON AND NEW TERRITORY:- Hong Kong was an isolated land area, surrounded by those areas which were still under chinese control. hence British always worried about the security of Hong Kong. They decided to create buffer zone around Hong Kong that would make the island less vulnerable to invasion.

After the end of 2nd opium war in 1860 Britain gained lease over the chinese mainland which was Kowloon peninsula. This agreement was part of the Convention of Beijing.

In 1898, second convention of Peking, included 99 year of lease agreement for the surrounding island (kowloon) called as "NEW TERRITORY" . In return china had to get back that area after end of 99 year lease agreement which was ended in 1 July 1997 and UK treanfer it to china.

It was also evident from 2nd world war that JAPAN occupied it from 23 December 1941 to 15 August 1945.

LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND TOURISM:- Important language is CANTONESE, English influence is seen due to British colony, after handover by Britain, MANDARIN is promoted among people.

Religious population, traditionally opt three teaching of china, Buddhism, Confuciasim and Taoism. Culture is blend of East and West like western ideas of Economic liberty, rule of law due to influence of British Era.Hong Kong is situated at the bank of River Pearl Delta, It is famous for international trade and investment. Attracting place in Hong Kong are

1. victoria Peak 2. Man Mo Temple 3. Ten thousand buddhist monastery 4. Temple street night market 5. Star ferry.

1997 AND ONWARDS:-After British handover in 1997, Hong Kong maintains separate governing and economic system from the mainland of china(PRC) under the postulate of "ONE NATION, TWO SYSTEM".

WHAT REMAIN UNCHANGED AFTER 1997:-1 .The border with mainland of PRC continued to be petrolled as before.

2. It remains individual member of various organisation like WTO, IOC, APEC.

3. It runs and maintain its own aviation bilateral treaties with other countries for example--- the flight between Hong kong and PRC treated as international flight.

4. Hong Kong SAR passport holders have very simple and easy access to European country and North America.

5. It has more political freedom than mainland of PRC for example --- Freedom of Press.

6. It still uses the style of british date formate.

7. All statues of British monarch like Queen victoria and George remain.

WHY ARE THERE PROTESTS:- A CONCISE DISCUSSION------

The protest began in June 2019, demands for democratic reforms and against PRC police brutality . China's NEW SECURITY LAW , Could be used to crack down on rights and political activists. Hong Kong is extremely different from mainland of PRC, because it enjoys special status from british colony. Hong Kong enjoys freedom which is not possible in mainland of PRC. Some elected members of Hong Kong have even disbarred after Beijing issued a controversial legal ruling that effectively diqualified them. Hong Kong people see themselves as Hong Kong nationality not as chinese. Young Hong Kong people are diappointed by new secutity law introduced by china. People were worried because china could setup its own institutions, responsible for security. Under agreement of 1997, Hong Kong had to enact its own national security law. This was setup in article 23 of BASIC LAW called as ONE NATION, TWO SYSTEM . They are supposed to protect certain freedoms for Hong Kong like freedom of assembly and speech, an independent judiciary and some democratic rights, that freedom which is not in mainland of PRC........---------...........